Timeline
of important events during Indian Freedom Struggle
(1857–1947).
The
term Indian Independence Movement encompasses activities and ideas aiming to
end first East India Company rule (1757–1858), then the British Raj
(1858–1947). The independence movement saw various national and regional
campaigns, agitations and efforts, some nonviolent and some revolutionary.
We have
compiled the timeline of important events during Indian Freedom Struggle.
Image:wikipedia
Year Indian
Freedom Struggle: Important Events
1857
|
Mutiny
against the British
|
1858
|
Government
Of India Act 1858
|
1861
|
Indian
Councils Act 1861
|
1885
|
Indian
National Congress is founded by A.O. Hume
|
1892
|
Indian
Councils Act 1892
|
1905
|
Partition
of Bengal announced
|
1906
|
Muslim
League was founded at Dhaka(Bangladesh) on 31st December
|
1907
|
Seditious
meeting act 1907
|
1908
|
Khudiram
Bose was executed on 11th August
|
1908
|
Tilak
was sentenced to six years on charges of sedition on 22nd July
|
1909
|
Minto-Morley
Reforms of Indian Councils Act – 21st May
|
1910
|
Indian
press act 1910
|
1911
|
Delhi
durbar held King George V And Queen Mary
|
1911
|
Partition
of Bengal is cancelled
|
1911
|
New
Delhi established as the new capital of India
|
1912
|
A
Bomb was thrown on Lord Hardinge on his state entry into Delhi on 23rd
December
|
1913
|
The
Ghadar Party was formed at San Francisco on 1st November
|
1914
|
Tilak
was released from jail on 16th June
|
1914
|
Outbreak
of the 1st World War 4th August
|
1914
|
Komagatamaru
ship reaches Budge Budge (Calcutta port) on 29the September.
|
1915
|
Mahatma
Gandhi arrived in India on 9th Jan
|
1915
|
Gopal
Krishna Gokhale died on 19th February.
|
1916
|
Tilak
founded Indian Home Rule League with its headquarters at Poona on 28th April.
|
1916
|
Annie
Besant started another Home Rule League on 25th September.
|
1917
|
Mahatma
Gandhi launches the Champaran campaign in Bihar to focus attention on the
grievances of indigo planters in April
|
1917
|
The
Secretary of State for India, Montague, declares that the goal of the British
government in India is introduction of Responsible Government on 20th August.
|
1918
|
Beginning
of trade union movement in India.
|
1919
|
Rowlatt
Bill introduced on Feb 16, 1919.
|
1919
|
The
Jallianwala Bagh tragedy took place on 13th April in Amritsar.
|
1919
|
The
House of Commons passes the Montague Chelmsford Reforms or the Government of
India Act, 1919 on 5th December. The new reforms under this Act came into
operation in 1921.
|
1920
|
First
meeting of the All India Trade Union Congress, (under Narain Malhar Joshi).
|
1920
|
The
Indian National Congress (INC) adopts the Non-Co-operation Resolution in December.
|
1920-22
|
Mahatma
Gandhi suspends Non-Co-operation Movement on Feb 12 after the violent
incidents at Chauri Chaura.
|
1922
|
Moplah
rebellion on the Malabar coast in August.
|
1923
|
Swaraj
Party was formed by Motilal Nehru and others on 1st January.
|
1924
|
The
Communist Party of India starts its activities at Kanpur.
|
1925
|
The
Kakori Train Conspiracy case in August
|
1927
|
The
British Prime Minister appoints Simon Commission to suggest future
constitutional reforms in India.
|
1928
|
Simon
Commission arrives in Bombay on Feb 3. An all-India hartal is called. Lala
Lajpat Rai assaulted by police at Lahore.
|
1928
|
Nehru
Report recommends principles for the new Constitution of India. All parties
conference considers the Nehru Report, Aug 28-31, 1928.
|
1928
|
Lala
Lajpat Rai died on 17th November due to injuries.
|
1929
|
Sarda
Act passed: prohibs marriage of girls below 14 and boys below 18 years of
age.
|
1929
|
All
Parties Muslim Conference formulates the ‘Fourteen Points’ under the
leadership of Jinnah on 9th March.
|
1929
|
Bhagat
Singh and Batukeshwari Dutt throw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assen on
8th April.
|
1929
|
Lord
Irwin’s announced that the goal of British policy in India was the grant of
the Dominion status on 31st October.
|
1929
|
The
Lahore session of the INC adopts the goal of complete independence (poorna
swarajya) for India; Jawaharlal Nehru hoists the tricolour on the banks of
the Ravi at Lahore on 31st December.
|
1930
|
First
Independence Day observed on 26th January.
|
1930
|
The
Working Committee of the INC meets at Sabarmati and passes the Civil
Disobedience resolution on 14th February.
|
1930
|
Mahatma
Gandhi launches the Civil Disobedience movement with his epic Dandi Mar (Mar
12 to Apr 6). First phase of the Civil Disobedience movement: Mar 12, 1930 to
Mar 5, 1931.
|
1930
|
First
Round Table Conference begins in London to consider the report of the Simon
Commission on 30th November.
|
1931
|
On
5th March, the Gandhi lrwin pact was signed and the Civil Disobedience
movement was suspended.
|
1931
|
Bhagat
Singh, Sukh Dev and Rajguru were executed on 23rd March.
|
1931
|
Second
Round Table Conference took place on 7th September.
|
1931
|
Gandhiji
returns from London after the deadlock in llnd RTC on 28th December. Launches
Civil Disobedience Movement. The INC declared illegal.
|
1932
|
Gandhiji
was arrested and imprisoned without trial on 4th January.
|
1932
|
British
Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald announced the infamous “Communal Award” on
16th August.
|
1932
|
Gandhiji
in jail, begins his epic “fast unto death” against the Communal Award on 20th
September and ends the fast on 26th of the same month after the Poona Pact.
|
1932
|
The
Third Round Table Conference begins in London (Nov 17 to Dec 24)
|
1933
|
Gandhiji
released from prison as he begins fast for self-purification on 9th May. INC
suspends Civil Disobedience movement but authorizes Satyagraha by
individuals.
|
1934
|
Gandhiji
withdraws from active politics and devotes himself to constructive programmes
(1934-39).
|
1935
|
The
Government of India Act 1935 was passed on 4th August
|
1937
|
Elections
held in India under the Act of 1935 (Feb 1937). The INC contests election and
forms ministries in several provinces (Jul 1937)
|
1937
|
Wardha
scheme of basic education
|
1938
|
Haripura
session of INC was held on 19th February. Subhash Chandra Boss was elected
Congress president on the 20th of February.
|
1939
|
Tripuri
session of the INC was conducted from the 10th to the 12th of March.
|
1939
|
Subhash
Chandra Bose resigns as the president of the INC in April.
|
1939
|
Second
World War (Sep 1). Great Britain declares war on Germany on 3rd September;
the Viceroy declares that India too is at war.
|
1939
|
Between
27th October to 5th November, the Congress ministries in the provinces resign
in protest against the war policy of the British government.
|
1939
|
The
Muslim League observes the resignation of the Congress ministries as
‘Deliverance Day’ on 22nd December.
|
1940
|
Lahore
session of ihe Muslim League passes the Pakistan Resolution in March
|
1940
|
Viceroy
Linlithgow announces-August Offer on 10th of August.
|
1940
|
Congress
Working Committee rejects the ‘August Offer’ between 18th to the 22nd of
August.
|
1940
|
Congress
launches Individual Satyagraha movement on 17th October.
|
1941
|
Subhash
Chandra Bose escapes from India on 17 January; arrives in Berlin (Mar 28).
|
1942
|
Churchill
announces the Cripps Mission on 11th of March
|
1942
|
The
INC meets in Bombay; adopts ‘Quit India’ resolution on 7th & 8th August.
|
1942
|
Gandhiji
and other Congress leaders were arrested on 9th August
|
1942
|
Quit
India movement begins on 11th of August; the Great Aug Uprising.
|
1942
|
Subhash
Chandra Bose established the Indian National Army ‘Azad Hind Fauj’ on 1st
September.
|
1943
|
Subhash
Chandra Bose proclaims the formation of the Provisonal Government of Free
India on 21st October.
|
1943
|
Karachi
session of the Muslim League adopts the slogan Divide arc in December.
|
1944
|
Wavell
calls Simla Conference in a bid to form the Executive Council at Indian
political leaders on 25th January.
|
1946
|
Mutiny
of the Indian naval ratings in Bombay.
|
1946
|
Cabinet
Mission arrives in New Delhi (Mar 14);British Prime Minister Attlee announces
Cabinet Mission or propose new solution to the Indian deadlock on 15th March;
; issues proposal (May 16).
|
1946
|
Jawaharlal
Nehru takes over as Congress president on 6th July.
|
1946
|
Wavell
invites Nehru to form an interim government on 6th August; Interim Government
takes office (Sep 2).
|
1946
|
First
session of the Constituent Assembly of India starts on 9th December. Muslim
League boycotts it.
|
1947
|
On
20th February, British Prime Minister Attlee declares that the British
government would leave India not later than Jun 1948.
|
1947
|
Lord
Mountbatten, the last British Viceroy and Governor General of India, sworn in
on 24th March
|
1947
|
Mountbatten
Plan was made on 3rd June for the partition of India and the announcement was
made on June 4th that transfer to power will take place on August 15th
|