Unemployment down in urban centres, but persists in rural areas, says survey: The Hindu
Quick Facts:
Who
surveyed?
ü National
Sample Survey Office
How Unemployment
Rate is Defined?
ü Unemployment
rate is defined as the number of persons unemployed as a proportion of the
labour force (persons who are either ‘working’ or ‘seeking or available for
work’), not the total population.
Outcome
of the Survey:
ü Unemployment
rate in urban areas reduced from 4.5 per cent in 2004-05 to 3.4 per cent in
2011-12.
ü In
rural areas, the rate has been stable at around 1.7 per cent.
Distribution
of Unemployment among religion
ü In all
religions rural area was on the lower side than those in urban areas for both
males and females.
ü Christians
have the highest rate of unemployment in both rural (4.5 per cent) and urban
(5.9 per cent) areas in 2011-12. The rate in urban areas for Christians stood
at 8.6 per cent in 2004-05 while the rural rate stays constant.
ü Unemployment
rate in rural areas has decreased for Sikhs (from 3.5 to 1.3 per cent) — now
the lowest across all religious groups — it has slightly increased for Muslims
(from 2.3 to 2.6 per cent). At 3.3 per cent, Hindus have the lowest
unemployment rate in urban areas.
Theory
behind Unemployment
ü Unemployment
level in India is highest among those people who are richer and more educated.
The reason is that poor people can’t afford to stay unemployed, and hence, opt
for any kind of work, irrespective of the nature of the job. The better off
have the capacity to be unemployed as they look for the right job.
ü Christians
are the most educated group, hence unemployment rate is higher among them.
Self-employment/Salary/Casual
Labour
ü Self-employment
is the major source of income for almost half the households, across all
religious groups, in rural areas, followed by casual labour.
ü In
urban areas, the proportion of households deriving major income from regular
wage or salary earnings is the highest.
ü Half
the Muslim households in urban areas have self-employment as major source of
income, the highest among all religions, while regular wage or salary earnings
was the highest for Christians with 45.8 per cent households.
Interesting
Fact from Survey
v Unemployment
level highest among those people who are richer and more educated
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